Information on This Site Was Obtained from the Following Sources:
Benjet, C., & Kazdin, A. E. (2003). Spanking children: The controversies, findings, and new directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(2), 197-224.
Chang, I., Pettit, R., & Katsurada, E. (2006). Where and When to Spank: A Comparison Between U.S. and Japanese College Students. Journal of Family Violence, 21(4), 281-286(6)
Curry, K. (2011). Poverty rates continue to rise, southern states hardest hit. Housingwire. Retrieved from
http://www.housingwire.com/news/poverty-rates-continue-rise-southern-states-hardest-hit
Flynn, C. P. (1994). Regional differences in attitudes toward corporal punishment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 314-324.
Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-579.
Goldman, R. (2009). Mississippi Ranked Most Religious State in U.S. ABC News. Retrieved from
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/mississippi-ranked-religious-state-us/story?id=9441536#.UBt9cnB4U7A
King, Shirley. (2009). Spanked Children Lose Trust. Parent News: A Unique Opportunity for Parent Information. Retrieved July 27, 2012, from the Parent News website: http://www.parent.net/article/archive/spankchi.shtml
Larzelere, R. E., & Kuhn, B. R. (2005). Comparing child outcomes of physical punishment and alternative disciplinary tactics: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8(1), 1-37.
Leach, Penelope. (1996, July 9). SPANKING: A SHORTCUT TO NOWHERE [WWWdocument]. URL http://cnet.unb.ca/corg/ca/e/pages/prevention_cruelty/spank.htm
Lightfoot, C, & Cole, M. (2011). The Development of Children. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
MacMillan, H. L., Boyle, M. H., Wong, M. Y., Duku, E. K., Fleming, J. E., & Walsh, C. A. (1999). Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne, 161(7), 805-809.
McLoyd, V.C., & Smith, J. (2002). Physical discipline and behavior problems in African American, European American, and Hispanic children: Emotional support as a moderator. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 40-53.
NewsCORE. (2010, January 4). Study: Spanked Children May Grow Up to Be Happier, More Successful. Fox News Network, LLC. Retrieved July 27, 2012, from the Fox News website: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581882,00.html
NoSpan King Page. URL http://www.cei.net/~rcox/nospan.html
Ruben, David. (1996, September). Should you spank? PARENTING, 136-141.
Samalin, Nancy, & Whitney, Catherine. (1995, May). What's wrong with spanking? PARENTS, 70(5), 35-36.
Simons, D. A., & Wurtele, S. K. (2010). Relationships between parents' use of corporal punishment and their children's endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(9), 639-646. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.012
Straus, M. (2009). Differences in corporal punishment in 32 nations and its relation to national differences in IQ. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Violence, Abuse, and Trauma.
Straus, M. A., & Paschall, M. J. (2009). Corporal punishment by mothers and development of children's cognitive ability: A longitudinal study of two nationally representative age cohorts. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18(5), 459-483. doi: 10.1080/10926770903035168
Taylor, C. A., Manganello, J. A., Lee, S. J., & Rice, J. C. (2010). Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior. Pediatrics, 125(5), e1057-65. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2678
Walsh, W. (2002). Spankers and nonspankers: Where they get information on spanking. Family Relations, 51(1), pp. 81-88.
Chang, I., Pettit, R., & Katsurada, E. (2006). Where and When to Spank: A Comparison Between U.S. and Japanese College Students. Journal of Family Violence, 21(4), 281-286(6)
Curry, K. (2011). Poverty rates continue to rise, southern states hardest hit. Housingwire. Retrieved from
http://www.housingwire.com/news/poverty-rates-continue-rise-southern-states-hardest-hit
Flynn, C. P. (1994). Regional differences in attitudes toward corporal punishment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 314-324.
Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-579.
Goldman, R. (2009). Mississippi Ranked Most Religious State in U.S. ABC News. Retrieved from
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/mississippi-ranked-religious-state-us/story?id=9441536#.UBt9cnB4U7A
King, Shirley. (2009). Spanked Children Lose Trust. Parent News: A Unique Opportunity for Parent Information. Retrieved July 27, 2012, from the Parent News website: http://www.parent.net/article/archive/spankchi.shtml
Larzelere, R. E., & Kuhn, B. R. (2005). Comparing child outcomes of physical punishment and alternative disciplinary tactics: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8(1), 1-37.
Leach, Penelope. (1996, July 9). SPANKING: A SHORTCUT TO NOWHERE [WWWdocument]. URL http://cnet.unb.ca/corg/ca/e/pages/prevention_cruelty/spank.htm
Lightfoot, C, & Cole, M. (2011). The Development of Children. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
MacMillan, H. L., Boyle, M. H., Wong, M. Y., Duku, E. K., Fleming, J. E., & Walsh, C. A. (1999). Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne, 161(7), 805-809.
McLoyd, V.C., & Smith, J. (2002). Physical discipline and behavior problems in African American, European American, and Hispanic children: Emotional support as a moderator. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 40-53.
NewsCORE. (2010, January 4). Study: Spanked Children May Grow Up to Be Happier, More Successful. Fox News Network, LLC. Retrieved July 27, 2012, from the Fox News website: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581882,00.html
NoSpan King Page. URL http://www.cei.net/~rcox/nospan.html
Ruben, David. (1996, September). Should you spank? PARENTING, 136-141.
Samalin, Nancy, & Whitney, Catherine. (1995, May). What's wrong with spanking? PARENTS, 70(5), 35-36.
Simons, D. A., & Wurtele, S. K. (2010). Relationships between parents' use of corporal punishment and their children's endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(9), 639-646. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.012
Straus, M. (2009). Differences in corporal punishment in 32 nations and its relation to national differences in IQ. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Violence, Abuse, and Trauma.
Straus, M. A., & Paschall, M. J. (2009). Corporal punishment by mothers and development of children's cognitive ability: A longitudinal study of two nationally representative age cohorts. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18(5), 459-483. doi: 10.1080/10926770903035168
Taylor, C. A., Manganello, J. A., Lee, S. J., & Rice, J. C. (2010). Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior. Pediatrics, 125(5), e1057-65. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2678
Walsh, W. (2002). Spankers and nonspankers: Where they get information on spanking. Family Relations, 51(1), pp. 81-88.